´Ë¿Ì£¬Äê½ö41ËêµÄÀ³¶û×Ó¾ô£¬½Ü³öµÄº£¾ü½«ÁìÔ¼º²¡¤´ïµÂÀûÕýÕ¾ÔÚγ¹Ë¹ÌØ×¡Õ¬´óÌüÄÚ£¬ÓÃËûÄÇË«³äÂúÁËÓÂÆø¡¢×ÔÐŲ¢¾ßÓд©Í¸Á¦µÄÑÛÉñÄýÊÓ×ÅÀïÆÕÀûÅ®×Ó¾ô¡£ÇáÇáÞÛÁËÏÂÐÞ¼ôµÃÒ쳣ƯÁÁµÄoÐͺúÐ룬µÈ´ý×ŶԷ½µÄ»Ø´ð¡£
±»ÊÚ·âÁËÌØ±ðµÄÅ®ÐÔ¹ó×åÍ·ÏεÄÒÁɯ±´¶û¡¤ÎÖ¶û¶Ù´ÓÀ³¶û×Ó¾ôµÄÉíÉÏ·¢ÏÖÁËÒ»ÖÖËýÔø¾ÊìϤ²»Òѵĺ£¾ü¾ü¹ÙÆøÖÊ£¬·Â·ð»ØÒäÆðÁËÔø±ÏÒµÓÚ°²Äɲ¨Àû˹º£¾ü¾ü¹ÙѧУµÄÇÇÖΡ¤¶ÅÍþ£¨1837Äê£1917Ä꣩£¬ÃÀ¹úº£¾üÌØ¼¶ÉϽ«¡¢ÃÀÎ÷Õ½ÕùµÄº£Õ½Ã÷ÐÇ¡£
¾¡¹ÜÇÇÖΡ¤¶ÅÍþÊÇÒ»¸ö½÷É÷ÈÏÕæÓÖÐ×Ãͺö·µÄº£¾ü½«Á죬µ«ËûÈ¡µÃµÄʤÀûÔںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉÏÊÇÒòΪÎ÷°àÑÀ½¢¶ÓÌ«Èõ¡£Èç¹ûÈÃËûÈ¥¹¥»÷Ò»Ö§Ç¿´óµÄ½¢¶Ó£¬Ëû»¹ÄÜ´òʤô?Õâ¾Í²»µÃ¶øÖªÁË¡£ËäÈ»¶ÅÍþ½«¾üÒ»Éú½ö´ËÒ»Õ½£¬¹æÄ£Ò²²»´ó£¬¶ÔÊÖÒ²²»Ç¿£¬È´ÔÚÕâ¶Ì¶Ì¼¸¸öСʱµÄº£Õ½Àï¸Ä±äÁËÊÀ½çÀúÊ·£¡
»ØÏëÆðͬΪº£¾ü¾ü¹ÙѧУѧԱÃûÈ˵Äͬʱ£¬ÒÁɯ±´¶ûµÄÄÔº£ÀïÓÖÌø³öÁË´÷ά¡¤¸ñÀ˹¸ç¡¤·¨À¸ñÌØ£¨1801Äê7ÔÂ5ÈÕ£1870Äê8ÔÂ14ÈÕ£©µÄÄ£Ñù¡£ËûÊÇÃÀ¹úÄϱ±Õ½ÕùÖеÄһλº£¾ü½«¾ü£¬Ò²ÊÇÃÀ¹úº£¾üÊ·ÉϵÚһλÉÙ½«¡¢Öн«ºÍÉϽ«¡£
×÷ΪÃÀÀû¼áºÏÖÚ¹úº£¾üµÄÀÏǰ±²£¬·¨À¸ñÌØ½«¾üµÄÖǻۡ¢Ó¸ҡ¢Àä¾²ºÍÖҳϼ¤ÀøÁËÒ»´úÓÖÒ»´úµÄÃÀ¹úº£¾ü½«Ê¿£¬ËûÃǶ¼½«·¨À¸ñÌØ·îΪ¿¬Ä£¡£ËûµÄ¾«ÉñÓ°ÏìÁËÃÀ¹úº£¾ü£¬Ö±µ½ÒÁɯ±´¶û±ÏÒµµÄʱºò¡£
·¨À¸ñÌØ½«¾üÔÚÄÚÕ½ÖÐÖ¸»ÓµÄ×îºóÒ»Õ½£¬Ò²ÊÇ×î¼èÄѵÄÒ»Õ½ÊÇ1864Äê8Ô½ø¾üÑÇÀ°ÍÂíÖݵÄĪ±È¶ûº£Íå¡£½«¾ü¶·Ö¾°ºÑïµØ×øÔÚÆì½¢¡°¹þÌØ¸£µÂ¡±ºÅÉÏ£¬ÂÊÁì4ËÒdzˮÅÚ½¢ºÍ14ËÒľ´¬ÎÞËùη¾åµØ³å½øÁËÄϾü²¼ÂúÁËË®À×µÄĪ±È¶ûº£Íå¡£Ã÷֪ǰ·½µÄº£ÓòÄÚÈ«ÊÇÄϾüµÄË®À×£¬½«¾ü»¹ÊÇÃüÁî½¢¶Ó²»¹ËÒ»ÇеijåÏòÄϾüÌú¼×½¢£¬ÕâÐèÒª¶àô¾Þ´óµÄÓÂÆøºÍ³¬·²µÄÕò¾²£¡
ÒÁɯ±´¶ûµÄÐÄÇé±äµÃÒì³£¼¤¶¯£¬ËýºÜÏëЧ·Â·¨À¸ñÌØ½«¾üµÄ×îºóÒ»Õ½À´Îª×Ô¼ºÓ®µÃÒ»´Î×î»Ô»ÍµÄº£Õ½Ê¤Àû¡£¿ÉÊÇ£¬Ëý½ö½öÊÇһλŮÐÔ¹ó×壬¼È²»ÊǺ£¾ü´ó³¼£¬Ò²²»ÊÇÊÖÎÕº£¾ü´óȨµÄº£¾üÖн«»òÉϽ«¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ëý¼¸ºõ²»¿ÉÄܵõ½ºàÀû°ËÊÀµÄÊÚȨ£¬ÂÊÁìÍõÊÒ´¬¶ÓÈ¥´ò°Ü·¨À¼Î÷È˵Ľ¢¶Ó¡£
Ëý¿ÉÒÔ´Ùʹ˳ÉΪһս³ÉÃûµÄº£¾ü½«¾üÄØ£¿ºÜÏÔÈ»£¬²»»áÊÇÕ¾ÔÚÑÛǰµÄ½Ü³öµÄÓ¢¸ñÀ¼º£¾ü½«ÁìÀ³¶û×Ó¾ô¡£±Ï¾¹£¬ËýÒѾ²»¼ÇµÃÀ³¶û×Ó¾ô×îºóµÃµ½ÁËÒ»¸öÔõÑùµÄϳ¡¡£²»¹ÜÔõôÑù£¬Õâλº£¾üÉϽ«´ó¸ÅûÓдæ»îµ½ÂêÀö¡¤¶¼î죨Ӣ¸ñÀ¼Å®ÍõÂêÀöÒ»ÊÀ£©ËÀÈ¥µÄÄê´ú¡£
¹ØÓÚÈçºÎµÖ¿¹·¨À¼Î÷ÈË´ó¾ÙÈëÇÖÓ¢¸ñÀ¼µÄÎÊÌ⣬´ËʱËýÒÑ˼¿¼³öÁ˼¸ÖÖ·´ÈëÇÖ·½°¸¡£²»¹ý£¬ËýÊDz»»áÈÃÀ³¶û×Ó¾ô¶á×ߴ˴κ£Õ½Ê¤ÀûµÄÕ½¼¨µÄ£¬ËýÏ£Íûͨ¹ý´Ë´Îº£Õ½ÈÃÀïÊ¿Âú¹«¾ô³ÉΪºàÀû°ËÊÀ¹¬Í¢µÄºËÐÄÈËÎï¡£
ÒÁɯ±´¶ûÕò¾²×ÔÈôµØ×¢ÊÓ×ÅÔø¾ÊÇһλ½Ü³öµÄº£¾ü½«ÁìµÄÀ³¶û×Ó¾ô£¬ÇáÇáͳöÒ»¾ä»°À´£¬¡°¸óÏ£¬ÄúÏëÔÚº£Õ½Öдò°Ü¸¥ÀÊÎ÷˹һÊÀµÄ·¨À¼Î÷½¢¶Ó£¬ÊÇÂ𣿡±
À³¶û×Ó¾ôµÈ´ýËýµÄÕâ¾ä»°ÒѾµÈ´ýºÜ¾ÃÁË£¬Á¬Ã¦Íѿڶø³ö£¬¡°ÕâÊǺÁÎÞÒÉÎʵ쬏óÏ¡£Èç¹û²»ÄÜÔÚÕâ´Îº£Õ½ÖÐÈ¡µÃʤÀû£¬±ÝϽ«ÎÞ·¨Èø¥ÀÊÎ÷˹һÊÀ»Øµ½Ì¸ÅÐ×ÀÉÏ¡£¡±
µÚ849Õ սÊõ·½°¸(1/2),µã»÷ÏÂÒ»Ò³¼ÌÐøÔĶÁ