ʣϵÄͨÓþÑéÒѾ²»¹»ÌƾýÃ÷¼ÌÐøÌáÉýÁË£¬²»¹ýÒѾÌáÉýµ½ÏÈÌì´ó¾³³õÆÚµÄÌÆ¾ýÃ÷×ÛºÏʵÁ¦Ö®Ç¿£¬ÒѾ˿ºÁ²»Ñ·É«ÓÚÏÈÌì´ó¾³ºóÆÚÉϵÄÐÞÐÐÕß¡£
ÔÙ¼ÓÉÏÌÆ¾ýÃ÷ÕÆÎյĸ÷ÖÖÐÞÁ¶¾ÑéºÍÐÞÁ¶¼¼ÇÉ£¬ÌƾýÃ÷ÍêÈ«Äܹ»¶Ô¿¹ÄÇЩÏÈÌìÔ²ÂúµÄÐÞÐÐÕß¡£
ÌÆ¾ýÃ÷»¨·ÑÁËÒ»µãʱ¼äΪ×Ô¼º´´Ôì³öÁËÒ»ÃÅÒþÄä·½ÃæµÄÎ书£¬Äܹ»½«×Ô¼ºµÄʵÁ¦ÀÎÀεÄÒþ²ØÆðÀ´£¬²»±»ÈκÎÈËËù·¢ÏÖ¡£
ÖÁÉÙÏÈÌì½×¶ÎûÓÐÐÞÐÐÕßÄܹ»Ì½²éµ½ÌƾýÃ÷µÄÕæÊµÊµÁ¦£¬Õâ²Å×¼±¸¾²¹ÛÆä±ä¿´¿´¾ÅÕѹúµÄ»ÊµÛ¶ÎÔÖ½Ùʲôʱºò¶Ô¸¶Ëû¡£
¶ÎÔÖ½ÙµÄÀ±ÊÖ±ÈÏëÏóÖÐÀ´µÃ¸ü¿ì£¬ÌƾýÃ÷Õâ±ß¸Õ¸ÕÍ»ÆÆµ½ÏÈÌì´ó¾³²»¾Ã£¬ÊÊÓ¦ÁËһϱ©ÕǵÄʵÁ¦£¬»¹Ã»ÓмÌÐø»ýÀÛͨÓþÑéÁË£¬¾Í±»¶ÎÔÖ½ÙÅÉÀ´µÄÇ¿Õ߸ø´ø×ß¡£
Ô±¾ÊÇ×¼±¸½«Ëû´øµ½ÌìÀÎÖе쬵«ÊÇÌÆ¾ýÃ÷Éϱ¨ËµÓÐÒ»¸öÖØ´óµÄÃØÃÜ£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÒ»Ïî×îеķ¢Ã÷ÏëÒªÙ÷¸æ£¬ÕâÏî·¢Ã÷Ô¶Ô¶µÄ³¬¹ýÁËÌÆ¾ýÃ÷֮ǰµÄ·¢Ã÷£¬Äܹ»¸ø¾ÅÕѹú´øÀ´¾Þ´óµÄ×ÊÔ´ºÍ²Æ¸»£¬Ï£ÍûÀûÓÃÕâÏî·¢Ã÷µÃµ½Ò»´ÎÉêËߵĻú»á¡£
µÃÖªÁËÕâ¸öÏûÏ¢Ö®ºó£¬¶ÎÔÖ½ÙÒ²¶Ô´ËÆÄ¸ÐÐËȤ£¬±Ï¾¹ÌƾýÃ÷֮ǰµÄ·¢Ã÷¸ø¾ÅÕѹú´øÀ´Á˲»·ÆµÄ×ÊÔ´ºÍ²Æ¸»£¬ºÜ´óÒ»²¿·Ö¶¼µ½Á˶ÎÔÖ½ÙÕâÀÈöÎÔÖ½ÙµÄ×ÊÔ´Ôö¼ÓÁ˲»ÉÙ£¬ËùÒÔ¶ÎÔÖ½Ù¶ÔÓÚÌÆ¾ýÃ÷Áֵķ¢Ã÷Ò²ÊÇÆÄΪÐÀÉÍ¡£
Èç½ñÌýËµÌÆ¾ýÃ÷ÕâÀïÓиüºÃµÄ·¢Ã÷£¬¶ÎÔÖ½ÙÒ²ÏëÒª¼ûʶһÏ£¬ºÜ¿ìÊýÃûÇ¿Õ߾ͰÑÌÆ¾ýÃ÷´øµ½Á˶ÎÔÖ½ÙµÄÊé·¿£¬ÕâÊýÃûÇ¿Õß¶¼ÊǶÎÔÖ½ÙÉí±ß×îÖÒÐĵϤÎÀ£¬ÊµÁ¦¶¼ÒѾ´ïµ½ÁËÏÈÌì´ó¾³¡£
¿´×Å×øÔÚÊé·¿ÖÐÃæÉ«Ä®È»µÄ¶ÎÔÖ½Ù£¬ÌƾýÃ÷Á³ÉÏ»®¹ýһĨЦÈÝ£º¡°¶ÎÔÖ½Ù£¬ÄãÕæÒª¶ÔÎÒÏÂÊÖÂ𣿡±
¡°ÄãÀûÓÃÄãµÄÉÌÒµÌ츳£¬¹´½áÄÇЩȨ¹ó¸»ºÀ£¬ÈÃÄÇЩȨ¹ó¸»ºÀÈÏͬÄ㣬°µÖÐı׼±¸Ä±³¯´Û룬ÎÒÆñÄÜÈÝÈÌÄã¡£¡±Ìýµ½ÌƾýÃ÷Ö±ºôÆäÃû£¬¶ÎÔÖ½ÙÁ³ÉÏ»®¹ýһĨº®¹â£¬¿´×ÅÌÆ¾ýÃ÷º®ÉùµÀ£¬ÑÛÖÐÒѾ·º³öÁËɱÒâ¡£
Ô±¾Ö®Ç°ËûÖ»ÊÇÏë°ÑÌÆ¾ýÃ÷×¥µ½µØÀÎÖУ¬·ÏµôËûµÄÒ»ÉíʵÁ¦£¬È»ºóÈÃËûÔÚÄÇÀï°²¶ÈÓàÉú£¬Ë³±ã±ÆÆÈËû¼ÌÐø¸ã·¢Ã÷´´ÔìÖ®À࣬»¹ËãÊÇÁôÁËÌÆ¾ýÃ÷Ò»ÌõСÃü¡£
¿ÉÊÇÌÆ¾ýÃ÷ÕâÒ»¾ä»°¾Í¼¤ÅÁËËû£¬ÄÔ×ÓÒѾÓÐЩ²»Õý³£µÄ¶ÎÔÖ½ÙÒѾ¾ö¶¨£¬Ò»µ©½øÈëµØÀÎÖУ¬¾ÍÏë°ì·¨°ÑÌÆ¾ýÃ÷¸ø¸Éµô£¬¾ø²»ÈÃËûÔÙ»îÏÂÈ¥¡£
´Ó¶ÎÔֽٵıíÇéÖУ¬ÌƾýÃ÷¾ÍÒѾ֪µÀËû¶Ô×Ô¼º²úÉúÁËɱÒ⣬²»¹ý¶Ô´ËÌÆ¾ýÃ÷Ò²²»ÔÚºõ£¬ÎÞÂÛÊDZ»¹ØÑºµ½µØÀÎÖÐÓÀÔ¶Ò²³ö²»À´£¬»¹ÊÇÖ±½Ó½«ËûɱËÀ£¬Á½ÕßÖ®¼ä²¢ÎÞÊ²Ã´Çø±ð¡£
¶ÎÔÖ½ÙÒ»Èç¼ÈÍùµÄºÝÀ±ºÍ·è¿ñ£¬Á¬×Ô¼ºµÄ×ÓÅ®¶¼ÈÝÈ̲»µÃ£¬¼ÈÈ»ÕâÑùµÄ»°£¬ÄÇÒ²¾Í¹Ö²»µÃËûÐĺÝÊÖÀ±ÁË¡£
¶ÎÔֽٵϰÓï¸ÕÂä£¬ÌÆ¾ýÃ÷Ë«ÊÖÁ¬Á¬µ¯¶¯£¬Ò»¸ù¸ùţëϸÕë´ÓÌÆ¾ýÃ÷Ë«ÊÖÖм¤Éä¶ø³ö£¬±»ÌƾýÃ÷ÒÔÀàËÆÓÚµ¯Ö¸ÉñͨµÄ¾ÑéºÍ¼¼ÇÉÉäÁ˳öÈ¥¡£
ËÙ¶È¿ìµÃ³¬ºõÏëÏ󣬶ÎÔÖ½Ù»¹Ã»ÓÐÃ÷°×¹ýÀ´·¢ÉúÁËʲôÊÂÇ飬¾ÍÒѾ±»ÊýöţëϸÕë»÷ÖУ¬Ö±½Ó´ÌÆÆÁËËûµÄµ¤ÌÈÃ×Ô¼ºµÄʵÁ¦ÒÔ¾ªÈ˵ÄËÙ¶ÈÍâй¡£
¶ÎÔÖ½Ù¾ªºôÒ»ÉùÅØÏø¶øÆð£¬³¯×ÅÌÆ¾ýÃ÷³åÁ˹ýÀ´£¬ÏëÒªÔÚʵÁ¦ºÄ¾¡Ö®Ç°¸ÉµôÌÆ¾ýÃ÷¡£
µÚ1866Õ ÏÉÎä(1/2),µã»÷ÏÂÒ»Ò³¼ÌÐøÔĶÁ