·µ»Ø

²»ËÀµÄÎÒÖ»ºÃ¼Ù°çѪ×å

Ê×Ò³
¹ØµÆ
»¤ÑÛ
×ÖÌ壺
´ó
ÖÐ
С
µÚÆß°ÙÁãÎåÕ£ºÄãÊÇרÃÅÀ´¸úÎÒ³³¼ÜµÄÂð(1/2)
   ´æÊéÇ© Êé¼Ü¹ÜÀí ·µ»ØÄ¿Â¼
    É­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÊУ¬»òÕßÓ¦¸Ã½ÐÉ­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕò£¬Î»ÓÚ±±ÃÀµÄ±öϦ·¨ÄáÑÇÖÝ£¬½¨Á¢ÓÚ1866Äê¡£

    ÕâÀïÔ­±¾ÊÇÒ»´¦¿óɽ£¬ºóÀ´Öð½¥·¢Õ¹³Éú¿óСÕò£¬¾ÓסÁËÊýǧÈ˿ڡ£

    ÔÚ1962ÄÇÒ»Ä꣬¹¤ÈËÃÇÔÚ¶Ìì²É¿ó³¡·ÙÉÕ·ÏÎïʱ²»É÷ÒýȼÁËÎÞÑÌúµÄ¿óÂö£¬¶øÕâÆ¬¾Þ´ó¿ó²ØÖÐÓÐÒ»²¿·Ö¾ÍÂñÔÚСÕòÕýÏ·½£¬Ò»¾­µãȼ£¬»ðÑæ¾Í±»ÒýÈ븽½üµÄ¿óÂö£¬×îºóÒý·¢ÁËÒ»³¡¾Þ´óµÄµØÏÂú¿ó»ðÔÖ¡£

    »ðÑæÔÚµØÏÂׯÉÕ£¬Ð¡ÕòµØ±íµÄζȼ±¾çì­Éý£¬Óж¾ÆøÌå´ÓµØÏÂÅçÓ¿¶ø³ö£¬¹¤È˺;ÓÃñÃDz»µÃ²»ÌÓÀë´ËµØ£¬×îÖÕÕû¸öСÕò±»·ÏÆú¡£

    ÕâÊÇ·½³ÏÔÚÍøÉÏËæÊÖÁ˽⵽µÄÇé¿ö£¬µ«ÕâÖ»Êǹٷ½¼Ç¼£¬Ë½µ×Ï»¹Á÷´«×ÅÐí¶à¹ØÓÚÉ­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕòµÄ´«ÎÅ¡£

    Óд«ËµÕⳡ´ó»ð²¢²»Êǹ¤ÈËÎÞÒɵãȼµÄ£¬¶øÊÇú¿ó²»Ð¡ÐÄÍÚͨÁ˵ØÓü£¬ÊǵØÓüµÄ»ðÑæÍÌÊÉÁËСÕò¡£

    Ò²Óд«ËµÕâ¸ö¿óɽÊÇij¸öа½ÌµÄ¼¯¾ÛµØ£¬ËûÃǶãÔÚÕâÀï¾ÙÐÐÕÙ»½¶ñħµÄÒÇʽ£¬×îÖÕÒýÀ´Á˶ñħ½µÁÙ¡£

    ÍøÂçÉ϶ÔÕⳡ´ó»ðµÄÔ­ÒòÖÚ˵·×ç¡£¬Î¨Ò»µÄ¹²Í¬µã¾ÍÊǴ˵ؿ϶¨ÓÐÎÊÌ⣬¶ø·ÇÒâÍâÄÇô¼òµ¥¡£

    ÔÚ´ó»ð·¢Éúºó£¬Õþ¸®µÚһʱ¼ä¾Í½«É­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕò³¹µ×·âËø£¬²»¸øÈκÎÈ˳öÈë¡£

    ·âËøÕûÕû³ÖÐøÁ˺ü¸Äê²ÅÖð½¥ËÉиÏÂÀ´£¬ºÜ¶àÉͽðÁÔÈ˺Í̽ÏÕ¼ÒÎÅÃû½øÈëÉ­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕò£¬µ«Ã»ÓÐÒ»¸öÄÜ»î×ųöÀ´¡£

    ÀïÃæÒѾ­ÍêÈ«±ä³ÉÒ»¸öÉúÈËÎð½øµÄËÀÍö½ûµØ¡£

    ·½³ÏÔÚÀ뿪»úе³ÇµÄʱºò£¬»¹ÌØÒâ·¢ÏûÏ¢¸ø×ôÌÙÂéÒ£¬ÈÃËýÈëÇÖһϱ±ÃÀ¹úÍÁ°²È«¾ÖµÄÄÚ²¿×ÊÁϿ⣬¿´Ò»¿´É­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕòÊÇʲôÇé¿ö¡£

    µÈËû´Ó¸ß¿ÕÖÐÈë¾³£¬À´µ½É­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕòµÄÉÏ¿Õʱ£¬×ôÌÙÂéÒÂÒѾ­¸ã¶¨ÁËÈëÇÖµÄÊÂÇ飬½«×ÊÁÏ·¢Ë͵½·½³ÏÊÖ»úÖС£

    ·½³Ï´ò¿ªÊÖ»úÒ»¿´£¬·¢ÏÖ¹úÍÁ°²È«¾Ö¶ÔÉ­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕòµÄÇé¿öÒ²ÊÇÁ˽ⲻ¶à¡£

    ¸ù¾Ý°²È«¾ÖµÄ×ÊÁÏÏÔʾ£¬É­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕòµ±³õÄdz¡´ó»ð·¢Éúºó£¬ÀïÃæµÄ¾ÓÃñÆäʵ²¢Î´ÌÓÀë³öÀ´£¬¶øÊÇÈ«¶¼Ïûʧ²»¼ûÁË¡£

    ÕâÖÖÇé¿ö²ÅÈð²È«¾ÖÒâʶµ½³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬Á¢¿Ì·âËø³öÈë¿Ú£¬È»ºóÅÉÈ˽øÈëÕòÄÚ̽²éÇé¿ö¡£

    ¿Éϧ½øÈëÕòÄڵĵ÷²éÈËԱͬÑù¶¼Ïûʧ²»¼ûÁË£¬Ã»ÓÐÒ»¸öÄܹ»»î×ųöÀ´¡£

    °²È«¾ÖǰǰºóºóÔÚÀïÃæËðʧÁËÊýÊ®¸öµ÷²éÔ±ºÍ½ü°Ù¸ö¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±£¬×îÖÕ²»µÃ²»ÖÐÖ¹µ÷²é¼Æ»®¡£

    ·´ÕýÕâ¸öСÕòλÖÃÆ«Æ§£¬Ò²²»»áΣº¦µ½ÆäËûµØ·½£¬ÓÚÊǸɴà¾Í·ÅÈβ»¹ÜÁË¡£

    ÖÁÓÚÀïÃæµ½µ×ÊÇʲôÇé¿ö£¬ÎÞÈËÖªÏþ¡£

    ·½³ÏÊÕÆðÊÖ»ú£¬µÍÍ·ÍùÏ¿´¡£

    ´Ë¿ÌËû¾ÍÔÚÉ­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕòµÄÉϿգ¬ÕâÀïÊÇÊôÓÚ±öϦ·¨ÄáÑÇɽÆÂµÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬µØÃæÆÂ¶È½ÏΪÇãб¡£

    ¿ÕÖÐÃÖÂþ×ŵ­°×É«µÄÆøÌ壬ÒþÔ¼¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½µØÃæÉÏһЩ½¨ÖþÎï¡£

    ·½³ÏûÓÐÑ¡ÔñÖ±½Ó½µÂ䣬¶øÊǷɵ½Ð¡ÕòÍâ¡£

    Ò»Ìõ¹«Â·Á¬Í¨×ÅСÕò£¬µ«ÒѾ­Äê¾ÃʧÐÞ±äµÃÆÆÆÆÀÃÀ㬹«Â·Á½ÅÔÔӲݴÔÉú£¬ÍáÍáбб²å×ÅÒ»¿éÐâ¼£°ß°ßµÄ¸æÊ¾ÅÆ¡£

    ¡°Ç°·½Î£ÏÕ£¬ÇëÎð¿¿½ü¡£¡±

    ÏÂÃæ»¹»­ÁËÒ»¸ö÷¼÷ÃÍ·¡£

    ·½³ÏÂäµ½¸æÊ¾ÅÆÅԱߣ¬ÌͳöÊÖ»ú×¼±¸´òµç»°¸øÒÁϣ˹£¬ºöÈ»¸Ðµ½¼ç°ò±»ÈËÇáÅÄһϡ£

    ·½³Ï»ØÉí¾ÍÊÇһȭ¡£

    Å¾£¡

    È­Í·±»½ÓסÁË¡£

    ÒÁϣ˹վÔÚ·½³ÏÉíºó£¬µ¥ÊÖÎÕ×Å·½³ÏµÄÈ­Í·£¬Ò»Á³ÎÞÄεıíÇ飺¡°ÄãÕâ¸öϰ¹ßʲôʱºòÄܹ»¸ÄÒ»¸Ä£¿¡±

    Ò»¶Îʱ¼ä²»¼û£¬ËýÒÀ¾ÉÊÇÒ»¸±¹â²Ê¶áÄ¿µÄÅ®Éñ·¶£¬²»¹ýÉíÉϾ­³£´©µÄ°×ȹµ¹ÊÇ»»³ÉÁËtÐôºÍÅ£×п㡣

    ·½³Ï°ÑÈ­Í·ÊÕ»ØÀ´£º¡°»¹ÓÐÁ³ËµÎÒ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´Äã×Ô¼º²»¸Äһϱ³ºó͵ϮµÄϰ¹ß¡£¡±

    ÒÁϣ˹΢΢ÍáÍ·£¬Î¢Ð¦µÀ£º¡°ÎÒÖ»ÊǸúÄ㿪¸öССµÄÍæÐ¦°ÕÁË£¬ÕâÒ²ÄܽÐ͵Ϯ£¿¡±

    ·½³ÏÈ´²»Éϵ±£º¡°ÄãÏÖÔÚ¿ªÍæÐ¦£¬µÈÎÒϰ¹ßÁË£¬ÈÕºó¾ÍÄÜ͵Ϯ¡£¡±

    ÒÁϣ˹Á³ÉϵÄЦÈݶ¼¿ìά³Ö²»×¡ÁË¡£

    ¡°ÄãÕâÑù½ÏÕæ£¬»áûÓÐÅ®ÅóÓѵġ£¡±

    ¡°±§Ç¸£¬ÎÒµÄÅ®ÅóÓѶൽһÌì¶þÊ®ËÄСʱ¶¼Ã¦²»¹ýÀ´£¬ÄãÕâÖÖµ¥Éí¹·ÊDz»»á¶®µÄ¡£¡±

    ¡°¡­¡­¡±

    ÒÁϣ˹»îÁËÁ½°Ù¶àÄ꣬»¹µÚÒ»´Î±»ÈËͲÛÊǵ¥Éí¹·¡£

    ¡°ÄãÊDz»ÊÇÍü¼ÇÁË£¬ÎÒÉí±ß»¹ÓÐÒÁܽ¡£¡±

    ¡°ÒÁܽÊÇÄãÔìµÄ°É£¬ÄãÕâÖÖÐÐΪ£¬ºÍÄÇЩÈÏΪ×Ô¼ºË«ÊÖÊÇÀÏÆÅµÄËÀ·ÊÕ¬ÓÐÊ²Ã´Çø±ð£¿¡±

    ¡°ÄãÊÇרÃÅÀ´¸úÎÒ³³¼ÜµÄÂ𣿡±

    ¡°¶ÔŶ£¬»¹ÓÐÕýÊ£¬¶¼¹ÖÄ㺦ÎÒÅÜÆ«Ë¼Â·ÁË¡£¡±

    ¡°¡­¡­¡±

    Òª²»ÊÇ´ò²»¹ý·½³Ï£¬ÒÁÏ£Ë¹ÕæµÄºÜÏëÓýÅÈû½øËûÕâÕųô×ìÀï¡£

    ·½³ÏÐÀÉÍÒ»ÏÂÒÁϣ˹³Ô±ñµÄ±íÇ飬Ȼºó¿´ÏòÔ¶´¦±»°×É«ÆøÌåÁýÕÖµÄÉ­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕò£¬ÎʵÀ£º¡°ÄãÔõôȷ¶¨Ä¸Ç×µÄÇûÌå¾ÍÔÚÀïÃæ£¿¡±

    ÒÁϣ˹»Ø´ðµÀ£º¡°ÎÒÒ»Ö±ÔÚµ÷²éĸÇ×ÇûÌåµÄÏÂÂ䣬×î½üÖÕÓÚÕÒµ½ÁËһЩÏßË÷¡­¡­¡±

    ÒÁϣ˹²¢²»ÊÇ×î½ü²Å¿ªÊ¼Ñ°ÕÒĸÇ×ÇûÌåµÄ£¬¶øÊǴӺܾÃÒÔǰ¾ÍÒ»Ö±ÔÚÕÒ¡£

    Ö»²»¹ý×î½üËýµÃµ½Á˵¹ÅÀ­ÒÅÁôÏÂÀ´µÄÊÆÁ¦£¬¶øÇÒÉÙÁËÌìÆôËÄÆïÊ¿µÄ¸ÉÔ¤£¬²»±ØÍµÍµÃþÃþµÄѰÕÒ£¬ÖÕÓÚÕÒµ½Ò»µãÏßË÷¡£

    Ä¸Ç××îºóÒ»¿éÇûÌ壬¿ÉÄÜÂäÔÚÒ»¸ö½Ð×öÀí²éµÂµÄÈËÊÖÖС£

    ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÉÏÊÀ¼ÍÁùÊ®Äê´úµÄÓ¢¹úÈË£¬Ëû»·ÓÎÈ«Çò£¬×îºó¶¨¾ÓÔÚ±±ÃÀÒ»¸öƫƧµÄ¿óɽСÕòÖУ¬¾ÍÊÇÉ­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕò¡£

    Àí²éµÂÔÚÉ­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕò¸Õ¸Õ¶¨¾ÓµÄµÚ¶þÄ꣬Ädz¡´ó»ð¾Í·¢ÉúÁË£¬Ã»ÓÐÄĸö¾ÓÃñÄܹ»ÌÓ³öÀ´£¬°üÀ¨Àí²éµÂ¡£

    ÒÁϣ˹µ÷²éµ½ÕâÀïÏßË÷¾Í¶ÏÁË£¬²»¹ýÀí²éµÂ¼ÈÈ»Ôڴ˵ض¨¾ÓºóûÓÐÀ뿪¹ý£¬´ó»ð·¢ÉúºóÄÇЩ½øÈ¥µÄÈËҲûÓÐÒ»¸öÄÜ»î×ųöÀ´£¬ÄÇÒâζ×ÅĸÇ×µÄÇûÌåÓ¦¸Ã»¹ÔÚÀïÃæ¡£

    ÌýÍêÒÁϣ˹µÄ½âÊͺ󣬷½³Ï΢΢õ¾Ã¼£º¡°¼ÈÈ»ÄãÈ·¶¨¶«Î÷¾ÍÔÚÀïÃæ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´²»½øÈ¥ÕÒ³öÀ´£¬·ÇÒªÈÃÎҸϹýÀ´£¿¡±

    ÒÁϣ˹̧ÊÖÖ¸ÁËÖ¸±»°×É«ÆøÌåÁýÕÖµÄÉ­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕò£º¡°Äã¿¿½üÒ»µã¾ÍÖªµÀÁË¡£¡±

    ·½³ÏÉíÐÎÒ»ÉÁ£¬Ë²¼ä¾ÍÀ´µ½É­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕòµÄÈë¿Ú´¦¡£

    ¸Õ¸Õ¹ýÀ´£¬±ã¸Ð¾õµ½Ò»¹Éµ­µ­µÄΣ»ú¸Ð´ÓÐĵ׸¡ÏÖ¡£

    ÕâÈ÷½³Ï¼«Îª¾ªÑÈ¡£

    ÒÔËûÏÖÔÚµÄʵÁ¦£¬³ýÁËаÉñÖ®Í⣬¸ù±¾²»»áÓÐÈËÁîËû²úÉúÍþв¡£

    ÏÖÔÚÃæ¶ÔÕâ¸öÆæ¹ÖµÄСÕò£¬¾ÓÈ»»áµ®Éú³öΣ»ú¸Ð¡£

    ¾¡¹Ü·Ç³£Î¢Èõ£¬¿ÉÕâÒѾ­×ã¹»ÁîËûÖØÊÓ¡£

    ¹Ö²»µÃÒÁϣ˹ûÓÐóȻһ¸öÈ˽øÈ¥£¬¶Ô·½³ÏÀ´Ëµµ­µ­µÄΣ»ú¸Ð£¬»»µ½ËýÉíÉÏ¿ÉÄܾÍÊǷdz£ÖÂÃüÁË¡£

    ÒÁϣ˹¸ú×ÅÀ´µ½·½³ÏÉíÅÔ£º¡°Òª½øÈ¥Â𣿡±

    ¡°²»È»ÄØ£¿À´¶¼À´ÁË¡£¡±

    ·½³ÏƳÁËËýÒ»ÑÛ£º¡°ÄãÒªÊÇÅ£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚÍâÃæµÈ×ÅÎÒ¡£¡±

    ÒÁϣ˹µ­µ­Ò»Ð¦£º¡°ÎÒÔçÒѲ»ÖªµÀη¾åΪºÎÎïÁË£¬×ß°É¡£¡±

    ËµÍ꣬ËýÖ÷¶¯²½Èë°×É«µÄÆøÌåÖС£

    ·½³ÏÒ²¸úÔÚËýºóÃæ¡£

    Õâ°×É«µÄÆøÌåËûÔ­ÏÈÒÔΪÊÇÎíÆø£¬µ«ÊǽøÈëÆäÖкó²Å·¢ÏÖÔ­À´Ä³ÖÖÓж¾ÆøÌ壬¶øÇÒ»¹ÊǾ綾¡£

    ·½³ÏºÍÒÁϣ˹×ÔȻûÊ£¬µ«»»³ÉÈËÀàÀ´£¬ÄÄÅÂÊÇa¼¶µÄÄÜÁ¦Õߣ¬Èç¹û²»×öºÃ·À»¤µÄ»°Ò²»áÖж¾ÉíÍö¡£

    ÕâÀïÓеã¹îÒ죬·½³ÏºÍÒÁϣ˹¶¼Ã»ÓÐɵã¶ã¶µÄÖ±½Ó·ÉÈëÆäÖУ¬¶øÊÇ»º²½×ß½øÈ¥¡£

    ÑØ×Ź«Â·×ßÒ»»á£¬ºÜ¿ì¾Í¿´µ½²»ÉÙ·ÏÆúµÄÎïÌåºÍ³µÁ¾£¬Äê´ú¾ÃÔ¶¡£

    ÕâЩ²»ÊDZ¾µØ¾ÓÃñÁôÀ´µÄ£¬¶øÊǹúÍÁ°²È«¾ÖÔÚ·âËøºóÅׯúµÄ¶«Î÷¡£

    ¿´Ñù×ÓËûÃdz·ÀëµÃºÜ´Ò棬Á¬ÉƺóÊÂÒ˶¼À´²»¼°×ö¡£

    Á½È˺ܿì¾ÍÀ´µ½Ð¡ÕòµÄÈë¿Ú´¦¡£

    µØÃæÉÏÒ»Ìõ¾Þ´óµÄÁÑ·ìºáبÔÚÁ½ÈËÃæÇ°£¬ÁÑ·ìÖÐÕýÔÚÔ´Ô´²»¶Ïð³ö¸ßÎµĶ¾Îí¡£

    ÕâЩ´ÓµØÏÂð³öÀ´µÄ¶¾Îí£¬²»½öÓж¾£¬¶øÇÒ»¹´ø×ŸßÃܶȵĻҳ¾£¬ÔÚµØÃæÐγÉÒ»²ãºñºñµÄ»Ò³¾£¬¾ÍÏñ»ðɽ»ÒÒ»Ñù¡£

    ²»Ô¶´¦£¬Ò»¶°¶°¸ßµÍ´íÂäµÄ·¿×ÓÔÚ¶¾ÎíÖÐÈôÒþÈôÏÖ£¬ÕâЩ½¨ÖþµÄ±íÃæ¶¼Êǽ¹ºÚһƬ£¬·Â·ð±»´ó»ðׯÉÕ¹ý¡£

    ×ß½øÐ¡ÕòµÄʱºò£¬·½³ÏºÍÒÁϣ˹¶¼Äܸоõµ½Î¶ÈÉÏÉý£¬ÓÈÆäÊǵØÃ棬ÖÁÉÙÓнü°Ù¶ÈµÄ¸ßΣ¬´©×ÅЬ²ÈÉÏÈ¥¶¼Äܸоõµ½Ã÷ÏÔÈÈÁ¿¡£

    É­ÌØÀÕÀûÑÇÕòµÄµØÏÂÊÇÒ»¸ö¾Þ´óµÄú¿ó£¬±»»ðÑæµãȼºó£¬¾ÍÒ»Ö±³ÖÐø²»Í£µÄȼÉÕ×Å¡£

µÚÆß°ÙÁãÎåÕ£ºÄãÊÇרÃÅÀ´¸úÎÒ³³¼ÜµÄÂð(1/2),µã»÷ÏÂÒ»Ò³¼ÌÐøÔĶÁ
ÉÏÒ»Õ Ŀ¼ ÏÂÒ»Ò³